Flat parasitic worms are represented in the fauna of our planet mainly by the dipogenic saucers (cat and liver Bicarry) and movie worms (bull and pork, wide tape, echinococcus).
The diseases caused by them are called Helminthias.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed by a rotary hole or surface of their body with osmosis.
List of diseases
The helminths caused by flat helminths are classified according to various signs - the infection method, the number of owners, life forms, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,Which worms do not need a temporary owner.Worms for Geo -Gogelminthiasis are found in the human body, which is the ultimate master for them.
- Biomass,It is characterized by the fact that parasites, in addition to the main (final) host, also need an intermediate.
- ChimnelageOr otherwise contagious (contact) Helminthias, where parasites are transmitted from person to person.From the human body, the parasites are distinguished by mature, ready for further invasion.
Depending on the characteristics of growth, pathogens are sorted:
- by the method of invasion;
- by the nature of life in the outside environment.
- In value occupied in human pathology.
The invasion of cestodes can appear in different ways penetration through the skin when swallowing worms, biting insects.Migration of pests is often accompanied by a violation of tissue and organs integrity.
Great!Most of the time, the celebes are located in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helm were installed in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminth is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Invasions of specific types of helmers often wear specific names.Here are some of the diseases caused by certain types of flat pests.
Tenia is a disease that occurs during infection with a chain of bulls.Invasia is characterized by intense toxic allergic manifestations and dyspidemic disorders.
Tusiarinchosis belongs to biogelmintis.That is, Tapeworm Bull has the final (person) and intermediate hosts (cattle).Infection occurs by entering the human body of worms when eating incorrect cooked meat of an infected animal.The parasite is located in the intestines, fastening to its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damage the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusiarinchosis often progresses without symptoms.But in the case of serious damage, the following manifestations of the disease take place:
- indigestion;
- nausea;
- Bad appetite?
- plenty of saliva.
- A sense of seriousness in epigastria.
- heartburn;
- throw up.
Templation is the helminth caused by pork infection.It is characterized by damage to both individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (indigestion, violation of the functions of the central nervous system).
Pork film is a strip worm parasitized in a person's guts.Parts of his body, along with eggs, secreted during bowel movements, are eaten by pigs, which become an intermediate host for the film.In addition to pigs, the role of the latter can play hares, dogs, rabbits, camels.A person is the only final gentleman for Helmint.
For information!They are contaminated with a chain when using insufficiently welded or fried pork, invasion through water and dirty hands is possible.
The clinical picture of the Tusias is similar to the manifestations of tenarism, only more intense.People who are infected with a chain can fall into short -term fainting.In the complex form of tissue tissue and human organs are affected by film eggs with the formation of immunized larvae - cystic.Depending on the detection of the latter, severe violations of the heart and brain are possible, vision of vision (including complete blindness) are possible.
Flexibility
Echinococcus is caused by hives and echinococcal movie worms.
Inputs are developed with the participation of two owners:
- In between (omnivores and herbivores, face), in which the larva of the larva resigns.
- Final (PS - Jackals, Wolves, Foxes), where worms are adult.
Echinococcus is transmitted to a person of animals, that is, they are in the kind of zoone invasions.Infection occurs by hand eggs, vegetables, fruits.
The disease manifests itself in 2 forms:
- Monastery -Chamber (hydrate, cysted).
- and multiple branches (cells).
For humans, echinococcus is the process of forming cysts (Finn) that arise in various organs - the heart, the liver, the lungs, the bones, the brain.Perhaps the formation of cancer -like metastases.
Note!The clinic and severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, their detection.The affected organs undergo dystrophic changes (parenchyma atrophy, layer hardening).Metabolism products of pests cause toxic-allergic reactions.With a rupture of a stain, the shock is not excluded.
Chimnelage
The disease is caused by a dwarf film - a relatively small helminth if we compare it to other representatives of this category.
The film has a small head, neck and body divided into members.When its eggs enter the human body, they grow into a larva connected to the Villi on the intestinal walls.The larvae are converted to young people (cysts), which is an intermediate stage between the larvae and the adult helminth.
A cysteine is a life -long dwarf life very dangerous for the owner, as cystococcal are capable of destroying the walls of intestines by forming inflammation and erosion.The human body reacts to the defeat of anemia and poisoning points.
Eggs are placed above the adults in the film.When the elm reaches a certain length, part of his body members with eggs breaks and comes out with feces.The other place remains in the intestines and continues his life cycle.
The invasion from the dwarf chain occurs when drinking dirty water, consuming unwashed, laughter of vegetables and fruits, when confused with the hands in which there are eggs, faces and lips.
The hyphenation is manifested by the following main symptoms:
- Quick weight loss.
- Stomach pain.
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed with the effects of stool analysis.Treatment is performed by synthetic drugs, the doctor defines the dose and intake of intake after examining the patient and studying the analysis data.
The main way to avoid infection is to comply with cleanliness: frequent hand washing and shower, changing the clothes, maintaining a bathroom with the help of effective disinfectants.
Danger to humans
Invasions of Cestodes (Hymenolepidosis, Diphyllobotriios, Tusiasis, Cystycchosis, Shadowirinchosis) are very dangerous diseases, full of life -threatening complications.
It's worth knowing!The manifestation of Helminth may be different depending on the systems and organs affected by worms and the degree of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, behavioral deficiency, paralysis, seizures, hyperactivity can be done.The patient may have headaches and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of edema, urticaria or allergies of the Quincke often occur in response to infection.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed, manifested in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, limited stupid or severe abdominal pain.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis may develop.The consequence of a violation of gastrointestinal functionality is, as a rule, a sharp weight loss.
Blood tests can detect hypochromatic anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced in compliance with personal hygiene rules.Without it, it is almost impossible to avoid infection, existence in an environment where helminal eggs are common.No less important in terms of prevention of invasion is the proper heat treatment of meat and other products.
The main recommendations for prevention:
- Make sure you wash your hands when you come back from the road, before meals, after reporting natural needs.
- Only eat clean, well -washed fruits and vegetables.
- Drink only boiled or bottled water.Even filtered water can contain pest eggs, so as not to mention what is provided by water supply without filtering.
- Avoid very close contact with pets - do not leave them in bed, not kiss.Regularly check our "younger brothers" for helmers, if necessary, contact a veterinary clinic.
- Wash the bedding more frequently and brain underwear, especially baby.
- Keep your immunity at the right level.This will allow the body to face Helminthias in itself.
- With the presence of circumstances that create an increased risk of infection (a business trip or tourist trip to exotic countries, they remain in groups where the risk of invasion is high), use the preventive recruitment.But this must be done no more than twice a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection has occurred, then the drugs are prescribed by the doctor individually.These are usually tablets.In more severe cases injections, droppers, radiation are used.
The media of traditional medicine, with their proper use, are also effective in fighting Helminthias.